Word: perestroikas
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Perestroika is a revolution," Gorbachev insists, and only two weeks ago he warned a meeting of top Communist Party leaders that any official at any level who was not prepared to man the barricades would be purged. He had already proved his seriousness by ousting Leningrad party chief Yuri Solovyov and attacking the party organization there for "chewing the same stale gum" and resisting reform...
...vanishing into the spume, only to reappear, confidently using the giant comber looming over him to increase his speed. That is the Soviet President's way with crises. He seems to react to them faster than any of his rivals, skillfully turning them into vehicles to help accelerate his perestroika program and bolster his crusade against the immobile bureaucracy. Gorbachev's adroitness at converting danger into momentum is a high-risk performance that can make onlookers hold their breath as they wonder how long the daring rider can survive...
...week portrayed himself as both head of the government and leader of the opposition. When he saw the striking miners "taking matters completely into their own hands," he said on national television, he concluded that there was a lesson for Moscow in the situation: "We have to carry out perestroika more decisively." He amended a decision to delay local government elections and said the country's republics could hold them whenever they wish...
...economy with a tidal wave of strikes. And with estimates that the budget deficit is already running about $160 billion and production growing by only 2.5% instead of the hoped-for 6%, Moscow would be hard-pressed to make more payouts like the one it gave the miners. Perestroika might make strikes more likely, since reform will eventually entail decontrolling prices and closing inefficient factories, measures that workers are likely to fight...
...evolve into more than just a prescription issued from the Kremlin. Gorbachev can take satisfaction and possibly draw some political strength from the evidence in Kuzbass and Donbass that workers may be stirring from the "stagnation" of the Leonid Brezhnev years. The daily Sovetskaya Rossiya put it succinctly: "Perestroika, which has until recently been a 'revolution from above,' is getting strong support from below...