Word: perestroikas
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...morning of June 24, Tenth-Grader Dmitri Predkov, 17, stood up to answer a question in his history class at Moscow's Middle School No. 734. The question: "Is perestroika ((Gorbachev's economic and social reforms)) a natural stage in the development of Soviet socialism?" Dmitri's answer: No, it is not. He added the tart opinion that some people say otherwise "only because Gorbachev is head of our party." A classmate, looking sporty in a black leather tie, was equally bold in discussing the loosening constraints on % Soviet citizens. People of all stripes, "even fascists," he insisted, should have...
...signing of the first treaty eliminating an entire category of nuclear weapons; improved relations with religious leaders during ceremonies observing the millennium of Christianity in Russia; and presided over what may be remembered as a historic Communist Party conference that endorsed his plan for political and economic perestroika (restructuring). Last week Gorbachev turned his attention to Eastern Europe, paying his first state visit to its largest member, Poland, and presiding over a summit of the Warsaw Pact military alliance...
During both events, Gorbachev made a determined effort to use the newly won legitimacy of the Soviet reform program as a way of jump-starting similar plans in the East bloc. Though he has signaled many times that Moscow's allies are free to experiment with perestroika programs of their own, they have done so with varying levels of enthusiasm and, for the most part, not too successfully...
Even as Mikhail Gorbachev extolled the virtues of perestroika in Poland, the potential pitfalls of demokratizatsiya continued to be embarrassingly apparent in Nagorno-Karabakh, the Delaware-size region that is geographically part of the Soviet Republic of Azerbaijan but whose people are predominantly Armenian. After five months of protests by Armenian activists who wanted the enclave to become part of the Armenian Republic, the ruling council of Nagorno-Karabakh voted unanimously last week to secede from Azerbaijan. According to TASS, the council also decided to rename the area "the Artsakh Autonomous Region of Armenia" and to be governed by Armenia...
...became evident in January 1987 that the Central Committee would not accept some of his changes, he stepped back and organized a party conference to get them through." Even so, most analysts warned that Gorbachev's success in winning institutional reform only underscored the largely unmet challenges of economic perestroika (restructuring). The conference featured several speeches by delegates complaining about the inadequacy of food supplies and the poor quality of housing under the present system...