Word: perestroikas
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...They needn't worry. I will do nothing to embarrass the motherland. Besides, I can't leave my seat. I cannot reach any levers. Nor can I leave my chamber to visit the fish and the mice on board for experiments. What this biosatellite needs is some of your perestroika -- you know, restructuring. Space flight might then be more fun than a barrel of monkeys. Sincerely yours, Yerosha
...last week in the Wall Street Journal was a first for the venerable organ of capitalism. In enthusiastic but occasionally stilted prose, the Communist government of Soviet Leader Mikhail Gorbachev issued an open invitation to Western businesses to invest in the Soviet Union. Beginning with a Gorbachev message on perestroika, or restructuring, of the economy, the insert highlights Soviet attempts to facilitate joint ventures with the West, touts tourist attractions and hails Soviet achievements in areas like eye surgery...
Mikhail Gorbachev's calls for glasnost (openness),* demokratizatsiya (democratization) and perestroika (restructuring) have become the watchwords of a bold attempt to modernize his country's creaky economic machinery and revitalize a society stultified by 70 years of totalitarian rule. In televised addresses, speeches to the party faithful and flesh- pressing public appearances -- often with his handsome wife Raisa -- he has spread his gospel of modernization. Translating his words into action, he is streamlining the government bureaucracy, reshuffling the military, moving reform-minded allies into the party leadership and allowing multicandidate elections at the local level. He has loosened restrictions...
...past month, and especially in the wake of the Central Committee session, Gorbachev has moved decisively in the direction of what he calls radical reform. Before the plenum, some Western analysts suspected that perestroika was largely a rhetorical exercise backed by a set of diluted half- measures. But Gorbachev's latest proposals, along with recent declarations by some of his key economic advisers, point to more far-reaching structural changes. Economist Abel Aganbegyan, for example, has advocated letting prices rise to market levels. At present, government subsidies on such items as food, clothing and shelter run to $114 billion...
...mean the same in the Soviet Union as in the West, and their application will certainly remain limited by Western standards. There is cause for concern that an economically rejuvenated Soviet Union would be an even more dangerous military rival than it is now. Yet if glasnost, demokratizatsiya and perestroika result in less repressiveness and more economic security, and if that helps make the U.S.S.R. a better global citizen and the world a safer place -- some very big ifs -- then the West too may benefit from Gorbachev's reforms...