Word: perestroikas
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Prize winner was always insisting that Soviet citizens deserved better, much better, than what the Soviet system had to offer. But last week's brisk exchange was destined to be the final encounter between two men who have come to symbolize in different ways the mind and soul of perestroika. Two days after the testy exchange, Sakharov, 68, died of a heart attack while sitting alone in the study of his Moscow apartment...
...begun to regroup. Leningrad party boss Boris Gidaspov was roundly criticized from the floor of the Congress last week for making "threats against our leader" and "sounding nostalgic notes" for the past. Surprised by the attack, Gidaspov claimed that everything going on in Leningrad was aimed at "speeding up perestroika." Gorbachev watched the whole spectacle impassively from the tribunal...
Liberals labeled the Ryzhkov proposals a "defeat for perestroika and a victory for central planning." Radical economist Gavril Popov dismissed the new Five-Year Plan as a return to "administrative socialism." Noting that the plan even sets goals for egg production, he quipped, "It's time for the comrades in charge to leave our laying hen in peace so she can provide us with enough eggs by her own efforts...
...usually lands in the center. But such compromise policies come at a price, contributing to a widespread feeling that Gorbachev has no clear policies for the future. As Deputy Nina Dedeneva, a textile worker from Omsk, complained at last week's session, "People have ceased to believe in perestroika because the difficulties have only increased, while the period for overcoming them has become too long." Now the Kremlin has asked the people for another five years, and that could prove to be more time than Gorbachev can afford...
...Returnee), was published last June in Iskusstvo Kino, the official journal of the Soviet movie industry. Its appearance reflects a mood of unprecedented pessimism and self-doubt, in which intellectuals and political figures have been speculating somberly about the catastrophes that could befall the Soviet Union if perestroika falls apart. Last September, for example, political oppositionist Boris Yeltsin, a former Moscow party boss, repeatedly warned of an impending disaster. "We are on the edge of an abyss," Yeltsin told a rapt audience at New York's Council on Foreign Relations. Yeltsin gave Gorbachev until next fall to produce results. Others...