Word: peritoneum
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...Caesarean section, for removal of a baby from the womb by means of abdominal incision when normal delivery is dangerous or impossible, is one of the most famed and spectacular of major operations. The classic Caesarean involves an incision from the umbilicus to the pubis, through the abdominal wall, peritoneum and uterine wall. The Caesarean section is named for Julius Caesar, who by legend was thus delivered from his mother. First actually recorded Caesarean on a living woman was performed about 1500 by a Swiss pig-gelder on his wife...
...gets an opportunity to ride the ambulance to emergency cases, to practice medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and x-ray technique on ward and clinic cases. Experienced practitioners hover over him all the time, show him how to do this & that. In time he may get opportunity to suture the peritoneum after the appendectomist or the laparotomist gets through his work. But real experience in surgery is usually reserved for the man who intends to spend another year or more as a "resident" in surgery. As for training in delivering babies, the paucity of opportunity in that important field of medicine...
...lower abdomen was made through which an L-shaped stone was removed from lower part left ureter in about 12 minutes. Thorough exploration of entire ureter upwards to kidney, downwards to urinary bladder and careful repair wound required altogether about 50 minutes.* One extraordinary thing about operation is that peritoneum not opened or in other words the abdominal cavity was not laid open. There practically no loss blood except what was expected on making superficial incision and consequently no risk for any post-operative hemorrhage. Incision was closed completely leaving small rubber tubing as drain. The tube was inserted...
...electric knife cuts through the bowel it shrivels the severed ends, leaving them looking like the puckered ends of sausages. Thus no infectious intestinal material can leak into the peritoneum. After Dr. Whitaker removes the diseased segment of the bowel, he brings the healthy ends together and darns them in such manner that the burnt tissue lies within the passageway of the bowel. In 24 hours the burnt tissue sloughs off and passes away. The bowel no longer is obstructed, and in three weeks the patient is as well as ever...
...inextricably fastened to the liver, is simpler with the electric knife. After Dr. Whitaker cuts away all loose parts of the gall bladder, he sears the remainder in its liver bed. Thus he effectively prevents damage to the liver, dangerous hemorrhage, and dripping of infectious material into the peritoneum...