Word: peronism
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...cosmetic is not enough. Juan Domingo Perón, almost 78, looks his age -and feels it. He tires easily; he has trouble concentrating. Yet he must try to marshal his failing faculties. Nearly two decades after he was run out of Argentina, a deposed, despised despot, Peron is home again, exalted again, in charge again of one of the richest countries in Latin America...
Like the country, Perón, too, is ailing. Concerned about the condition of his heart, doctors have warned him that the rebirth of his political career could hasten his death. Just as ominous, though, is the problem that Peron faces within his own political movement, which is sharply split between the right and the left. The rightists, reports TIME Buenos Aires Bureau Chief Charles Eisendrath, seem as loyal as ever, willing to follow el Líder virtually wherever he takes them. But the leftists, who include many youths barely born when Perón was ousted...
...community concern is the fragmentation of the classes. The wealthy oligarchs, the middle class and the workers are not only separated from one another but are all deeply divided within themselves. In sum, it is a situation much easier for a shrewd politician to exploit than solve, as Peron proved in his first rise to power...
Back in Buenos Aires, Peron joined the G.O.U. (Group of United Officers), a cabal of extreme-right-wing colonels who shared his belief that Argentina was destined to become the Germany of Latin America. In 1943 they staged a coup against the bumbling government of Ramón Castillo (who, ironically, was pro-Nazi himself). Perón backed the naming of General Pedro Ramírez as a figurehead replacement. For himself, he cannily took the directorship of the moribund Department of Labor. Turning it into the government's most active branch, Perón used the department...
...officers still friendly to Perón, called a general strike and staged a massive demonstration outside Government House on Oct. 17 (since celebrated as Peronist Loyalty Day). As they shouted, "Our lives for Perón!", he suddenly appeared on a balcony. "Where have you been?" they cried. Peron replied with the first of many demagogic harangues he would deliver from that same balcony. Four days later, Perón and Evita were wed secretly in a civil ceremony. Four months later, after Farrell dutifully stepped aside, Perón was elected President...