Word: petroleum
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...most spectacular success. To check on man's ability to work underwater, divers went down more than 375 ft. to set up a 16-ft. "Christmas tree," a complex of valves and connecting pipes by which the output of an oil well is controlled. While French petroleum experts watched on closed-circuit TV, two divers manipulated their tools with little difficulty, proved that they could hook up and operate valves and clean tubes as well as anyone working on land. In one test, they accomplished in an hour a tough assignment that normally takes half...
...pilot company as the first step toward establishing a $51 million aluminum works. The most hopeful investment field is in petrochemicals, where the government recently broke the long-held monopoly of state-owned Petrobras to attract more efficient private companies. Some ten corporations, including Jersey Standard, Gulf, and Phillips Petroleum, are now actively studying the investment possibilities. Brazil hopes that they will end up investing about $200 million each...
...series by Novelist Fusap Hayashi. Tojo's execution as a war criminal, argues Hayashi, was part of a "ritualized vendetta" that began with Roosevelt's attempts to draw Japan into war. By terminating the U.S.-Japanese treaty of commerce in 1939, and then putting an embargo on petroleum exports to Japan, Roosevelt left Tokyo with "no alternative but to move south for resources to Indonesia." Japan, writes Hayashi, was justified in attacking Pearl Harbor out of self-defense. "How was it possible," he asks, "to maintain peace and order when one guy takes away food from the other...
...bathtubs, dishwashers, washing machines and lawn sprinklers of an affluent era, home use of water still represents less than 10% of the nation's consumption. Nearly half goes for irrigation, another 40% for industry. It takes 770 gallons of water to refine a barrel of petroleum, up to 65,000 gallons to turn out a ton of steel, 600,000 gallons to make a ton of synthetic rubber...
...apply a wax coating to their ditches to form a barrier against absorption. Like the ancient Nabataeans who once cultivated the desert, the Israelis also practice "runoff farming." But the Nabataeans used wadi beds as catch basins; the Israelis cut contoured strips and seal alternating strips with modern, petroleum-based chemicals. Water is caught in the sealed strip and runs off into the parallel strip where the crops are planted. "We have discovered little that is really new in water planning," says Yaacov Vardi, an Israeli water engineer. "Our success has been to take well-known theories, put them into...