Word: petroleum
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...benefits only begin there. When added to thin and acidic soil of the kind found in much of South America and Africa, char produces higher agricultural yields and lets farmers cut down on costly, petroleum-heavy fertilizers. Subsistence farmers seeking better soil have traditionally relied on slash-and-burn agriculture, which generates greenhouse gases and decimates forests. If instead those farmers slow-smoldered their agricultural waste to produce charcoal - in effect, slash-and-char agriculture - they could fertilize existing plots instead of clearing more land. This in turn would reduce emissions in the atmosphere, and so on in a virtuous...
...including those in the coal business, were up an even larger 17%, to 343,000. Now energy companies are sure to pull back. And that could make the nation's economic recession even worse, taking job losses to areas that had so far dodged the downturn. Denver-based Delta Petroleum said it planned to cut its capital budget in half next year. Other companies are not waiting until next year. Matthew Simmons, who heads Simmons & Co., an investment-banking firm focused on energy companies, says he has been surprised at how fast firms have begun to cut exploration...
...three years. The combined debt of Dubai's government and public-sector companies has escalated to the point where some analysts say the city-state Dubai might one day need a bailout from its super-rich sister emirate Abu Dhabi, which has more than 8% of the world's petroleum reserves...
...high-tech systems in common use - MRIs, CT scans, etc. - with many running 24 hours a day," says Pamela Gray, a trustee of the Transition Network, a U.K.-based organization that supports community-level initiatives to improve sustainability and combat climate change. Further, nearly all pharmaceuticals are made from petroleum derivatives, and so are medical materials (think rubber gloves and intravenous tubing). And then there's transportation: transferring equipment, supplies and lab samples, or getting patients to the right facility, sometimes by ambulance or helicopter. (See TIME's A-Z Health Guide...
...economy that got Ahmadinejad elected in 2005 on a populist chicken-in-every-pot platform, so could the failing economy prove his undoing. Many of Iran's glaring economic deficiencies (including inflation, youth unemployment and, ironically, fuel scarcity) were cushioned during Ahmadinejad's tenure by soaring petroleum prices. Falling world oil prices will spur a crisis in Iran that will make international sanctions more painful...