Word: phs
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...Sabin inoculated 30 volunteers at Ohio's Chillicothe Reformatory, with a weakened strain of live polio virus. Just three months later, Jonas E. Salk announced that he had successfully tested his dead polio virus vaccine on 440,000 elementary school students, and the United States Public Health Service (PHS) licensed six companies to produce the Salk vaccine. Since then U.S. polio cases, both paralytic and non-paralytic, have fallen from 28,985, in 1955, to 650 reported...
...Oslo government has been keeping a register of mental illness cases since 1916, and its records are the world's best for a homogeneous, stable population. Among U.S. immigrants, and their descendants, from Mediterranean countries, a mysterious, periodic fever, easily mistaken for hepatitis or mononucleosis. is not uncommon. PHS has allotted $107,000 to researchers headed by Dr. Harry Heller in Tel Aviv, where familial Mediterranean fever is rife. In the U.S.. where there is no comparable concentration of patients, such research would cost at least three or four times as much. Half a world away, Peruvian Indians...
...weakened strain of Type III poliovirus developed by the University of Cincinnati's Dr. Albert B. Sabin had always been accused by some virologists of occasionally reverting to a dangerous form after multiplying in human vaccinees. and the PHS had delayed its approval for many months until last March. Since then, an estimated 13 million Americans have taken it, many of them in mass "SOS" (Sabin Oral Sunday) campaigns such as the one held in Cleveland last June (TIME, July 6). Up to 5,000,000 of those who took Type III were adults...
...Ohio had two each, and New York had one. Two of these eleven victims were in their teens, but the others were aged 23 to 52. The available evidence, including complex laboratory tests, indicated that in four cases the disease was caused by the vaccine. About the others, the PHS experts withheld judgment...
Because the PHS was so inconclusive, several U.S. cities canceled or postponed their Type III programs, while others, notably Houston, decided to go full steam ahead. Though no medical authority would put it in such down-to-earth terms, the best advice available was to play the odds. An unvaccinated adult stands only one chance in 2,000,000 of getting Type III polio. If all eleven paralytic cases now under suspicion were traced to the vaccine, the takers' risk would be about one 500,000-and the risk of vaccination would not be justified. Among preschool and school...