Word: physicians
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Casting off the shroud of mysticism, the Greek physicians replaced it with the thesis that the causes and cures of every disease are not only quite natural but also discoverable through the careful study of each patient. Thus curiosity, keenness of observation and the value of scrupulous record keeping became paramount priorities in the new philosophy of care. And as knowledge grew and was shared within the guild, the experience of a single physician became the experience...
...exception was the work of Galen, an immensely productive, Greek-speaking physician who lived much of his life in Rome. By the of his death around A.D. 201, the indefatigable Galen had written some 350 treatises detailing his own experimental work in anatomy and physiology. Although he added much to medical knowledge, his studies were based largely on monkeys and farm animals and thus were frequently unreliable in their conclusions about human anatomy. But the sheer prodigiousness of Galen's output and the aura of infallibility that surrounded him served to perpetuate his errors and stifle further research. His work...
Like Hippocrates, Galen had become a medical icon, and it would take a bold idol smasher to undo him. History found the perfect candidate in Andreas Vesalius, a contentious young Flemish physician who, in his single-minded pursuit of the correct human anatomy, cared not a whit about Galen's untouchable authority. Gifted with intelligence, drive and the courage to stick with his convictions, he went his solitary way, dissecting cadaver after cadaver until he had made enough unbiased observations to write a book that would forever transform medicine's image of the human structure. Vesalius was 29 when...
...cells handled in this fashion did not grow particularly well. The team found that it obtained much better results when it attached the cells to a sticky substrate like fibrinogen, a protein involved in blood clotting. "And then," says Ernest, "we made a serendipitous discovery." Dr. Karine Gabrielian, a physician on the team, had been struggling to fashion the thinnest possible slivers of fibrinogen. Checking on her samples one morning, she found that some of the slivers had curled up into spheres, each the size of a coarsely ground speck of pepper. Gabrielian added several of these odd-looking constructs...
Krueger had been in the intensive-care unit since Saturday night, when he was rushed to the hospital with a blood alcohol level of 0.41, five times the legal driving limit, according to Dr. Richard Schwarztein, the attending physician at the intensive care unit last night and an assistant professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School...