Word: physicist
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...disgrace to the Soviet Union," a plainclothes security policeman told Andrei Sakharov last week as he barred the Russian nuclear physicist from attending the trial of a fellow dissident in Lithuania. At almost the same moment, at Oslo University, the Nobel Prize for Peace was given to Sakharov in absentia. He was the first Russian to be so honored (13 Russians have won prizes in the sciences and literature). Sakharov was prevented by the Kremlin from traveling to Oslo, ostensibly for "security" reasons...
...Sakharov was in the Lithuanian capital of Vilnius trying-unsuccessfully-to appear as a character witness at the trial of a friend, Biologist Sergei Kovalev, who was charged with circulating "slanderous fabrications" including an underground Roman Catholic journal. Still awaiting trial on a similar charge is another Sakharov friend, Physicist Andrei Tverdokhlebov. In his award speech, Sakharov described the two imprisoned men as "noble defenders of justice, legality, honor and truthfulness," and invited them to be his symbolic guests in Oslo. As the Nobel ceremonies ended, Kovalev received the unusually severe sentence of seven years in prison and three years...
...things in life are more attractive than an open hearth fire-or less efficient. It is messy, requires continual attention, and sends perhaps as much as 90% of its heat up the chimney with the smoke. Most homeowners learn to live with such flaws. Lawrence Cranberg, an Austin, Tex., physicist went back to basic physics to correct them. He has designed a fireplace grate that forces a fire not only to burn better but to send more of its heat out into the room...
F.D.R. received conflicting counsel from various advisers: Scientist-Administrators Vannevar Bush and James Conant, Danish Physicist Niels Bohr, War Secretary Henry Stimson. But the President, without telling any of his aides, concluded with Winston Churchill that the second option was the wiser. The two solemnized their agreement in a secret aide-memoire of a conversation at Hyde Park in September 1944: "The suggestion that the world should be informed regarding Tube Alloys [British code for the bomb], with a view to an international agreement regarding its control and use, is not accepted." Concludes Sherwin with characteristic understatement: "The Anglo-American...
...believe has made the greatest contribution to the whole of humanity this past year is the Russian physicist Andrei Sakharov...