Word: physicists
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...largest (10 billion synchrocyclotron volts) particle accelerator in the world-nearly twice as powerful as the one at Berkeley, Calif., though it has not yet lived up to its expensive expectations. Russia put its first pure-jet airliner into operation two years and more before the U.S., and M.I.T. Physicist Jerome B. Wiesner, who helped develop some of the advanced radar for the DEW line, has warned that Russia's air-defense system "appears to be better than...
Almost every university student is subsidized, and the freshly graduated physicist can count on making at least $200 a month, plus another $100 for research, which is good money in the land of the proletariat. The government thinks nothing of building whole "science cities," equipped modern villas, clubs, cinemas and stadiums for scientists. When an American asked Physicist Vladimir Vekser how much his huge accelerator at Dubna cost, Veksler replied simply: "I don't know. To get the money, all we had to say was that you had one." If the Soviet scientist lives in an ideological cage...
...special place in society that they hold today. Though a practical man, Czar Peter fully realized the value of research that might not bring immediate benefits. As a result, from the days of the early academy's great all-round genius Mikhail Lomonsov -poet, pioneer physical chemist, physicist, reformer of the language, and "father of the new Russian literature"-Russian science has flourished even under the most stifling of dictatorships...
Lysenko, a second-rate biologist, was enthroned because his theory that environment could produce any desired result fitted in neatly with the Communist theology. Physicist Lev Landau was tossed into jail; Physicist Abram Joffe barely escaped being shot; and Geneticist N. A. Vavilov died in a slave labor camp, while his younger brother, the president of the academy, dutifully signed the documents destroying his brother's life work...
...scientists simply ignored her. The party denounced the Einstein theory, the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics, and cybernetics as "idealistic." But the scientists used the work of Einstein and Bohr to develop Russia's atomic bomb, and the Soviet began turning out calculators as fast as it could. Physicist Peter Kapitsa, who was placed under arrest for refusing to work on the atom bomb, is now back in favor and heads a research institute...