Word: physicists
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...order to care for her young children. Several people who expressed sympathy for the group were hauled off to the police station. The six arrested demonstrators, who were charged with "group activities in flagrant violation of public order," face up to three years in labor camps. Litvinov, a physicist, and Mrs. Daniel have a long record of dissent, having protested such other Soviet actions as the literary trial last January at which three intellectuals were handed stiff prison sentences for unorthodoxy...
Died. George Gamow, 64, Russian-born theoretical physicist and astronomer; of a gastric hemorrhage; in Boulder, Colo. Although he worked in the arcane worlds of entropy and anti-numbers, Gamow had a rare gift for explaining science to the layman. While teaching at George Washington University, he put his clarity and common sense into nine books, including The Birth and Death of the Sun (1940) and The Creation of the Universe...
...innate caution stopped him from making so bold a claim in public. "As nuclear chemists," Hahn and his young collaborator, Fritz Strassmann, wrote later, "we cannot bring ourselves to take this step, so contradictory to all the experience of nuclear physics." But Hahn's former coworker, Physicist Lise Meitner, had no such hesitation. Hearing of the experiment in exile in Sweden, she not only proclaimed that Hahn and Strassmann had achieved nuclear fission, but also calculated that each atom of uranium had released 20 million times as much energy as a comparable amount...
Such a man is Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov, partner in a major scientific discovery at the age of 29, a full member of the prestigious Academy of Sciences at 32 and now, at 47, a leading Soviet research physicist. Last week, after circulating underground for some time in Russia, an extraordinary manuscript by Sakharov was published in the U.S. by the New York Times. In it, the physicist boldly denounces major aspects of Soviet policy and practice, goes so far as to urge an East-West "convergence" to provide a safe and single world leadership. It is, as Library of Congress...
...eloquent defense of the necessity for intellectual freedom, the physicist is again contemptuous of Soviet leadership. The value of free speech, he says, was "clear to the philosophers of ancient Greece, and hardly anyone nowadays would have any doubts on that score. But after 50 years of complete domination over the minds of an entire nation, our leaders seem to fear even allusions to such a discussion. The crippling censorship of Soviet artistic and political literature has again been intensified. Dozens of brilliant writings cannot see the light...