Word: physicists
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...chemistry prize went to University of Chicago Chemical Physicist Robert Mulliken, 70, for his molecular orbital theory, first published in 1928. With that theory Mulliken forever destroyed an established scientific concept: that atoms retain their original identity when they form molecules. Instead, he argued, the balance of particles within atoms changes when they become part of molecules; electrons may take up orbital paths around the entire molecule instead of remaining in orbit around atomic nuclei. Virtually all of the significant work in molecular structure that has been done since has been based on Mulliken's theory...
...French Physicist Alfred Kastler's prizewinning work, on the optical resonance of atoms, was published more recently-in 1950. It explained his technique for irradiating an atom to make it emit radiation of its own, thereby revealing the nature of its structure. Because Kastler, now 64, paved the way for the later development of the maser-which earned U.S. Physicist...
...astronomers use the telescopes at Mount Wilson and Palomar observatories, and with Maarten Schmidt have explored the unusual nature of quasi-stellar objects (TIME cover, March 11). Its biologists and chemists, including James Bonner and Linus Pauling, have advanced knowledge of the basic chemistry of human life. Physicist Richard Feynman is helping to unify the theories of gravitational and electrodynamic fields, and his colleague, Murray Gell-Mann, broke new ground in subatomic theory by correctly predicting the existence of new particles. Seismologist Charles F. Richter's scale for measuring earth tremors is an international standard...
...million this year. Caltech's practical knowledge made JPL a pioneer in tactical missiles, in launching the first U.S. satellite, in making a soft landing on the moon and in taking close-up pictures of the moon and Mars. At the same time, such speculative M.I.T. thinkers as Physicist Charles Townes, who worked out principles that led to thet maser and laser, and Cyberneticist Norbert Wiener, whose theories helped lay the foundations of automation, make M.I.T. much more than a producer of management specialists. Ironically, both schools have also contributed to Red China's nuclear missile capability...
...first playlet. Out from Under, a middle-aged widower with sex-battle fatigue gets himself pinned under a car rather than drive off to announce his engagement to a high-pitched emotional amazon. In The Wen, a distinguished atomic physicist yearns to re-enter the love playpen of childhood. He scouts out a now-stout married member of Hadassah and begs her to let him view again a most intimate mole, in hopes of recovering the lost ecstasy of that first exposure to sexuality. What is ludicrous about this effaces what is poignant. The third and most effectively comic playlet...