Word: physiologists
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...track star Carl Lewis and swimmer Dana Torres, have muscles containing a large majority of fast-twitch fibers. So, surprisingly, do shot putters and weight lifters, who need not only strength but power too. "They have to move a heavy weight very quickly," explains U.S. Olympic Training Center physiologist Steve Fleck. "Weight lifters in the clean-and-jerk event can move as fast as a sprinter." Distance runners and swimmers, on the other hand, have mostly slow-twitch fibers...
...their interior structures. Scientists have used an AFM to detail the biochemical cascade that results in blood clotting; to examine the atomic structure of seashells; and to uncover the tiny communication channels that link one cell to another. "We're looking at scales so small," says University of Chicago physiologist Morton Arnsdorf, "they almost defy comprehension...
...entomologist Susan Fisher. "The trick is to do it selectively" without wiping out other aquatic life. Fisher has recently found that minute traces of potassium, nontoxic to other organisms, reliably send zebra mussels into fatal shock. Paints laced with potassium, she speculates, might protect underwater structures from mussel infestation. Physiologist Jeffrey Ram of Wayne State University in Detroit makes an even more devious suggestion. Zebra-mussel spawning, he notes, is triggered by odors wafting from phytoplankton. These chemical cues ensure that the eggs hatch when the food supply is plentiful. But what if synthetic scents were dabbled like perfume above...