Word: physiologists
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Just how this business of swapping food for time works is not entirely clear, but George Roth, molecular physiologist with the National Institute on Aging in Bethesda, Maryland, has some ideas. When animals are placed on caloric restriction, Roth explains, the first thing that happens is that their body temperature drops about 1[degree]C. Lower temperature means a less vigorous metabolism, which means less food is processed. "In order to compensate for the reduction in diet," Roth says, "the animals switch from a growth mode into what can be thought of as a survival mode. They get fewer calories...
That sort of spirit also guides the efforts researchers are making to identify the types of degeneration that can be forestalled through preventive--and often remarkably simple--measures. Since 1993, physiologist Ethan Nadel and epidemiologist Loretta DiPietro, both of Yale University, have been pioneering a five-year study on the effects of exercise. The question at the heart of the effort is whether exercise can slow the effects of aging--and if so, which ones. "It is no secret that exercise is beneficial, but people age differently," says DiPietro. "The question we are asking is whether we can truly separate...
...valuable animal--a champion bull or a prize hog, for example--could keep producing sperm indefinitely, even after death, using lesser specimens as surrogate spermmakers. Stem cells also give rise to new stem cells, which can then be harvested and frozen in turn. As a result, says Pennsylvania veterinary physiologist Ralph Brinster, a co-author of both studies, "we can make any individual male biologically immortal...
There may be a cure for male grouchiness, but the patients have to be very, very grouchy. According to Willis Samson, a physiologist at the University of North Dakota School of Medicine, beneficiaries of the new therapy must suffer from a hormonal disorder that makes them, (ahem) "hypogonadal". The cure: testosterone shots or pills. Though excessive amounts of the hormone hae often been associated with aggressive, antisocial behavior, Samson presented research at the Endocrine Society's annual meeting in Los Angeles today showing that men who have too little of the hormone are less grouchy, nervous and irritable after...
...indispensable tool of modern agriculture, cloning farm animals, feasible as it may be, has never become widespread. Even simple embryo splitting, the technique used by the George Washington University researchers on human cells, is too expensive and complicated to take off commercially. "Cloning," says George Seidel, an animal physiologist at Colorado State University, "remains very much a niche technology...