Word: pilots
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...resulting shearing action produces turbulence-often severe-at the boundaries of the stream. CAT is usually encountered near the constantly shifting west-to-east jet stream and near mountain ranges, where cold air frequently spills at great speed down the leeward slopes. Although the turbulence is obvious to any pilot caught in it, it cannot be seen by the human eye. Attempts to detect CAT with devices that bounce radar or laser beams against it have so far proved either impractical or inconclusive...
...side of the aircraft's flight path, the sensor can detect temperature variations as small as a fraction of a degree Fahrenheit in atmospheric carbon dioxide at a range of from 24 to 48 miles. These variations register on three side-by-side cockpit gauges that show the pilot whether a temperature gradient lies directly ahead or 45° to the left or right of his flight path...
...fringed Narsarssuak airfield (known to thousands of World War II flyers as Bluie West One) is as often as not socked in blind by icy mists. Even though it is daylight almost round the clock along that route in summer, there are few landmarks to use as checkpoints. As Pilot Stiber says, "Any man who doesn't completely understand dead-reckoning navigation [using only charts and compass] had better stay home...
...course there are plenty of post-Lindbergh improvements along the way. Whether a pilot takes the northern route or one of the less volatile southern routes (New York-Gander-Azores-Lisbon or New York-Bermuda-Azores-Lisbon), he can get essentially the same map and weather-chart information that airline pilots have. Beyond that, there are radar checks on his progress all along the route, chiefly from nine ocean vessels on station that send out radio beacons. Canadian officials refused for years to allow single-engine planes to begin transoceanic flights from their airfields because the ensuing air-sea rescue...
...trip to rent). Then there are airport landing and service fees that range from a piddling $25 at Gander to a horrendous $300 at the air base at Sondre Strom, Greenland. There is insurance ($40 a month)-and most companies will not even issue a policy to a pilot unless he has at least 1,000 hours in-air experience and is fully qualified for instrument flight. One of the least costly items is fuel (less than $100 for a one-way flight...