Word: pilsudski
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...under the best of circumstances. Partitioned three times by its hostile neighbors during the 18th century, Poland had re-emerged into independence only in 1920, thanks to the Versailles Treaty, and its rulers were a rather inept junta of colonels, political heirs to the late founding father, Marshal Jozef Pilsudski. Not only was the government something less than a democracy, but also its fiercely anti-Soviet policy led it to a pro-German stance as late as 1938, when it joined with Hitler in the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia...
...citizens for purely ideological "crimes." But Soviet traitors like the Sakharovs, who give concrete aid to U.S. imperialism should be tried for their crimes. It is the height of hypocrisy for the ISO to accuse the SYL of anti-Semitism when their heroes in Solidarnosc look to Joseph Pilsudski, fascistic interwar dictator of Poland, as their model. Pilsudski set up concentration camps for Jews before World War II but didn't get a chance to use them because Hitler invaded first...
...special Mass in Warsaw's St. John's Cathedral to commemorate the official registration one year ago of Rural Solidarity, the now suspended agricultural union. Later, 5,000 Poles jammed the same cathedral for a Mass marking the 41th anniversary of the death of Marshal Jozef Pilsudski, the nationalist and anti-Soviet military hero who led Poland between the World Wars...
Communists have long derided Pilsudski as a "bourgeois dictator" and an "agent of the Western powers." Although he ran a tough military government from 1926 to 1935, when he died, Pilsudski remained a symbol of proud Polish nationalism. Poles were galvanized last week as the state-owned television suddenly broadcast flickering newsreels of the Marshal and played the marching songs so closely associated with his career...
...emergence of Pilsudski and the revival of Polish Independence Day seem to reflect a desire by the beleaguered government of Premier Wojciech Jaruzelski to seek more popular backing by displaying an independence, if only symbolic, from the Soviet Union. The government did not even object last week when the Solidarity trade union named a shipyard in Gdansk after Pilsudski. The irony was palpable: Solidarity had been founded in another shipyard not far away, one that was named for Vladimir Lenin, the father of the Soviet state and a bitter enemy of Jozef Pilsudski...