Word: pinochet
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...Hortensia Bussi, 94, lost her husband, Chilean President Salvador Allende, and her status as First Lady in the bloody military coup led by General Augusto Pinochet in 1973. Undeterred, she continued to campaign against Pinochet's dictatorship while exiled in Mexico...
...hemispheric multilateral organization, like the embargo, is a Cold War relic, one that might have been understandable during the Cuban missile crisis but makes little sense two decades after the fall of the Soviet Union. (It's also hypocritical, Cuba backers say, since brutal right-wing dictatorships like Augusto Pinochet's Chile were never suspended.) But that case is undermined by the OAS's 2001 Inter-American Democratic Charter - approved on 9/11 - which mandates that members adhere to democratic norms like multiparty elections and free speech. OAS officials say privately that even human-rights groups that deplore the embargo have...
...Chile, they called it submarino, a form of simulated drowning that has much the same effect as what we call waterboarding. During Augusto Pinochet's 17-year-long dictatorship, thousands of Chileans were detained by the military and subjected to torture. During the submarino, they were forcibly submerged in a tank of water, over and over again, until they were on the edge of drowning. (The Chilean military liked to foul the water with urine, feces or worse, something that-so far-hasn't been known to be a part of U.S. waterboarding of terrorism suspects.) Submarino became a popular...
...impact on the torture victim's mind was lasting. After Pinochet's fall in 1990, the new civilian government in Chile investigated incidents of alleged torture, and found deep scars. Years after they were tortured, submarino victims were still haunted. A 2007 study in the International Review of the Red Cross found that "the acute suffering produced during the immediate infliction of the submarino is superseded by the often unbearable fear of repeating the experience. In the aftermath, it may lead to horrific memories that persist in the form of recurrent 'drowning nightmares.'" As one Chilean who was tortured...
...torture. Defenders of waterboarding say that the procedure, while awful for the prisoner, is relatively safe and has few long-term effects. But doctors and psychologists who work with torture victims disagree strongly. They say that victims of American waterboarding-like the Chileans submitted to the submarino under Pinochet-are likely to be psychologically damaged for life...