Word: pioneerism
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...pioneer crowd psychologist Gustave Le Bon wrote: "Isolated, a man may be a cultivated individual; in a crowd he is a barbarian." Le Bon's insights can be applied to all kinds of crowds-Nuremberg rallies and peace rallies, lynch mobs, the crowds at trials or soccer matches, even the "psychological crowd" swayed by images in TV commercials. Le Bon found that crowds tap the unconscious: individual responsibility and civilized restraints fade, giving way to exaggerated feelings, high suggestibility and impulsive, primitive behavior. These views, expanded and refined by later scholars, were amply illustrated last week in the crowd...
...along by Jovian gravity on a flight path that will eventually carry it out of the solar system, it gathered more information about Jupiter than had all astronomers since Galileo first pointed his crude telescope at the planet more than three centuries ago. Now, after a lengthy study of Pioneer's wealth of data-including 80 photographs-scientists have put together a totally new image of the king of planets...
Packing more mass than all of the other planets combined, the whirling giant bulges at the middle like the earth, only far more so. Pioneer found that Jupiter's equatorial diameter (88,298 miles) is nearly 6,000 miles greater than the spread between its poles. The data returned by the spacecraft also support the long-held theory that Jupiter is unique among planets: a great ball of whirling gases and liquids with no solid surface. Its outermost 600 miles consist of an atmosphere of hydrogen and helium gases laced with clouds composed of crystals of ammonia, ammonia hydrosulfide...
Carried outward from the planet's interior by eddies and currents like those in a boiling kettle, Jupiter's heat helps shape its most prominent features. Pioneer's photographs showed that the great gray-white stripes circling the planet seem to be hot, rising clouds and gases that have been drawn into bands by Jupiter's rapid rotation. The darker orange-brown belts that run parallel to the light bands are probably troughs of cooler, descending gases. Despite the planet's tranquil appearance from afar, it hardly seems hospitable to life. Its atmosphere is apparently...
...skyscrapers supports a canopy of smog, the streets are a desolate and forbidding territory, human artifices like subway tunnels and telephone booths are derelict endeavors slowly returning to the soil, while primitive creatures roam about. Yes sir, this is the new frontier, and Charlie Bronson is its trailblazing pioneer in Death Wish...