Word: pipeful
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...Summer Palace of the Romanovs. Thirty years ago it cost about $7,000,000, but nowadays it is a bit run down. Last week 500 Truth Students, Adepts and Master Metaphysicians twitched on hard chairs in the big reception hall with its encrusted ceiling, ivory-colored fireplace, concealed pipe organ. Above the doors were signs reading "Peace, Discrimination, Enlightenment, Inspiration." James Bernard Schafer, Master Metaphysician, entered...
...murky East River, sand hogs for the last year have been boring the two tubes of a midtown vehicular tunnel intended by 1940 to connect Manhattan Island with Long Island. Each 31 feet in diameter, the tubes are bored by great circular "shields." Like the mouth of a great pipe, the shield is forced ahead by hydraulic pressure, cutting two feet eight inches at each thrust into sub-bottom deposit. Between forward thrusts, workmen remove the muck within the shield, line each new section with cylindrical cast-iron casing. Keeping the river and its oozy bottom from rushing into...
...needed every 25 ft. At 11,600 ft., the mud pressure was 9,000 lb. per sq. in. Apparently this huge force squeezed the water out of the mud into a porous sand formation at that depth, so that the mud caked and "froze" the bit collar. The drill pipe was fished out with difficulty but the collar was immovable. By means of a knuckle joint the frozen collar was sidestepped, and the hole, now pinched down to six inches, went on down. Near the bottom, the weight of the pipe was over a quarter of a million pounds...
Superintendent Alexander Hamilton Bell will never forget the day the first oil spurted into the slush pits from the sand which had been tapped 13,000-odd ft. down. It was necessary to bail mud out of the pipe so that the gas pressure below could push up the oil. "We had swabbed 2,000 ft. of mud," said Superintendent Bell, "when suddenly the fluid rose 1,500 ft. in the hole. So we knew we had something. We swabbed a little more. Then it came naturally. For half an hour mud poured into the sumps, then turned...
...source of a geyser's energy is supposed to be hot volcanic rock not far from the earth's surface, and the eruption is a self-accelerating physical process. The geyser's tube or pipe fills up with ground water or rain water. At the lower end it is heated by the rock. Because of the pressure of the water column, the temperature rises above the normal boiling point before steam is liberated. Once steam begins to form against the pressure, it raises the column, spilling water on top. This reduces the pressure below so that steam...