Word: pius
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SMERSH even had its secret code and pseudonyms: then-reigning Pope Pius X was "Lady Micheline," and the Vatican Secretary of State, Cardinal Merry del Val, was "Miss Romey...
...dogmatic development from primitive Christianity to the complex Catholicism of his time. In so doing, he conceded that the doctrines of the 20th century church were different from the simple faith of Jesus' first disciples-a judgment that Rome denounced as heretical. In his 1907 en cyclical, Pascendi, Pius X issued a formal condemnation of modernism as "the compendium of all heresies," making several allusions to Loisy's work; one year later, Loisy was excommunicated...
...church restate its beliefs in the light of discoveries made by science and philosophy-a view that Rome found no more palatable than the novelties of Loisy. Expelled from the Jesuits, Tyrrell was excommunicated in 1907; he refused to confess his errors, died two years later. Yet even Pius X was moved by Tyrrell's death. "Unlike most arch-heretics, he died a good Christian," the Pontiff was said to have told a friend...
...later, and also involuntarily, the opening in the larnyx (the glottis) closes and cuts off the flow of air, thus creating the audible hic. To most persons, it is merely annoying. But if it continues for days, it can be seriously weakening, as it was in 1954 for Pope Pius XII. More common and at least as worrisome is the effect on patients undergoing surgery, especially on the torso. The spasms complicate the surgeon's delicate maneuvers; during postoperative recovery, they may well rip open the wound...
...pregnancy was permissible within 40 days of conception for a male fetus and 80 days for a female.* Sixtus banned all abortions, but was reversed in the year after his death by Gregory XIV, who declared abortion illegal only after the fetus quickens. Not until 1869, said Lamm, did Pius IX revert the church to the position of Sixtus V. Lamm urged Catholics to follow the lead of Boston's Richard Cardinal Gushing, and not ask for secular law to enforce church doctrine. At the last minute, Lamm and his colleagues accepted an amendment that exempts any hospital employee...