Word: plan
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Paul Hoffman, pioneer administrator of the Marshall Plan and now managing director of the United Nations Special Fund, saw a need for a coordinated global effort to replace sporadic philanthropy. Said Hoffman: "All countries, whether their incomes are high, medium or low, must in their own self-interest accept proportionate responsibility for a rapidly expanding world economy...
Soon after World War II Italy, Holland, and Norway evolved their own charts. In Italy, under the Marshall Plan and private sponsorship, a table was developed to answer questions about the entire Italian economy and to assist in understanding the problems of relatively underdeveloped Southern Italy...
...Lowell, who had already established a wide reputation for being anything but complacent, set out on yet another academic crusade--tutorial. One of the most formidable criticisms of his plan for general examinations had been that the average student couldn't pass such an examination without help in preparing it. A tutorial system like that of Oxford or Cambridge was obviously the answer, but the University couldn't afford a staff of new tutors...
Lowell was convinced, however, that the general examinations and tutorial were essential to his overall plan of rousing students from their intellectual apathy, so he decided that since the University couldn't have both quality and quantity in its instruction, it would have quality. Accordingly, as the College budget increased from year to year, he held the number of Courses to a minimum and used the extra money gradually to hire a complete staff of departmental tutors...
Surprisingly enough, undergraduates were generally displeased with the plan. The "clubbies" and "Gold Coasters" reputedly shuddered at the thought of mixing with the majority; the CRIMSON attacked the proposal as arbitrary and disrupting; the students living in the Yard feared such a change would leave them disoriented...