Word: planar
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...forties, Smith explored this illusionary effect of two dimensionality in a new way with a small welded piece called Head as Figure. Here, Smith made three planar compositions and put them together at right angles. By visual association, the flatness of each of these three units gives the total sculpture an over-all illusion of two dimensionality. If the viewer forgets, for the moment, what he knows about the volume of the sculpture he can see it as a two dimensional composition...
Smith's late works move freely in a full three dimensional space. They rely upon visual illusions to force the viewer to see the works as if they occupy a single plane. In Zig VII, the over-all context of the piece, created by the individual parts, is planar and hence the flat discs tend to suggest two dimensional representation of perpective rather than a tangible volumetric depth...
...representation of a three dimensional object. In Cubi I, the surfaces of the forms in shadow do not appear to go back into space behind the illuminated surfaces, instead they seem to be darker forms in the same plane which suggest shadow. In Cubi XXVIII, Smith, using this planar illusion, forces the viewer to see even the cylindrical forms as flat...
...wheel is spiral rather than planar in shape. Its more well-known name is that of the Milky Way. The measurements of its various dimensions are highly accurate. Those of the sphere are far less certain since it is difficult to calculate the precise outer limit of the sphere. This is due to the thinning out of the stars along its outer fringes...
Well able to do a problem in Euclid is Fellow Schieffelin Claytor, of Washington, D. C., whose studies on "Locally Planar Continua" have been presented before the American Mathematical Society. Parsing a Greek verb is child's play to Fellow Frank M. Snowden Jr. of Atlanta, Ga., who won honors in Greek and Latin at Harvard, will study further at Harvard and the American School of Classical Studies in Athens, Greece...