Word: planck
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...comparing DNA from humans, chimpanzees and other animals, researchers from the Max Planck Institute in Leipzig, Germany, and the University of Oxford in England determined that FOXP2 hardly changed during the evolution of mammals. But their analysis, reported last week in Nature, indicated a subtle genetic shift in the human family tree within the past 200,000 years. "The gene seems to trigger the development of the ability to move the mouth, lips and tongue as well as certain neural processes," says Wolfgang Enard, one of the study's German authors...
...Currently director of molecular biology at the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, a non-profit research center near Munich, Ullrich is renowned for his research in gene technology...
...recent studies is still too small to give a full picture of genetic variation. Others harbor doubts that the rate of mutation of mitochondrial DNA is constant enough to support conclusions about chronological dating. "Physical anthropology remains the gold standard for dating," says geneticist Mark Stoneking of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, a member of the team at the University of California, Berkeley that in 1987 identified "Mitochondrial Eve" as the 140,000- to 280,000-year-old ancestor of all living humans. "But we're getting better at genetic dating all the time...
...Wolfgang Streeck, an industrial relations expert at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, says U.S. executives shouldn't be frightened by works councils. "American companies are, contrary to popular belief, fatter than German firms and have more hierarchical levels," he says. "In the U.S., the enforcement of workplace regulations is handled by personnel departments, and when that doesn't work, you end up in court. Germany's lower instance of grievances translates into cost savings...