Word: plancks
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...respiration gasmeter, invented at the Max Planck Institute of Dortmund, Germany, weighs 81 Ibs., is about the size of a lunchbox, and includes a transparent face mask attached to the box by a flexible hose. It operates on the principle that physical work involves energy consumption that can be measured by the amount of oxygen the body consumes. Air expelled from the patient's lungs during a work period is collected through the face mask and stored in an orange balloon. Then the balloon is detached and its contents analyzed. Measurement of the amount of unused oxygen tells...
Chemical Trickery. This year's Nobel Prize in chemistry was split between Director Karl Ziegler of the Max Planck Institute for Coal Research in Mülheim, West Germany, and Professor Giulio Natta of the Polytechnic Institute of Milan, Italy. Both men were among the first to recognize the potentialities of macromolecules-the aggregations of thousands of atoms that play an ever-increasing part in modern chemical industry. Some macromolecules, such as the cellulose molecules in cotton or wood, are formed by nature. Others must be formed by chemical trickery. Drs. Ziegler and Natta developed practical methods by which...
Karlson dipped into his tiny supply of pure ecdysone and sent a five-milligram test sample to Ulrich Clever, a young biochemist at the Max Planck Institute in Tübingen. Clever had been investigating the appearance of puffy swellings on microscopic, DNA-carrying chromosomes in the salivary glands of fly larvae. The puffs appear just before the larvae mature and change into pupae, and the tiny swelling seems to cause the metamorphosis. Karlson wondered how ecdysone would affect that transformation...
...Wolfgang Beerman of West Germany's Max Planck Institute showed pictures of ropy, wormlike chromosomes with strange swellings, and reported on the delicate experiments with which he proved that the swellings are associated with active genes. Geneticists agree that active genes produce RNA (ribonucleic acid) and that RNA produces proteins. Dr. Beerman satisfied himself as to the meaning of the swellings he had photographed through his electron microscope, by finding RNA and protein where theory predicted they should be-right around the lumps on the chromosomes...
...quit, and others scattered. Gottingen did not remotely recover until after World War II, when it took in a wave of avid students in tattered Wehrmacht uniforms -"the best generation we ever had." recalls one veteran professor. It also welcomed a new source of research renown: the independent Max Planck Institute for Physics, named for the late pioneer of the quantum theory, and headed by Physicist Heisenberg, discoverer of the "uncertainty principle."* Though Heisenberg moved his staff to Munich in 1958, Göttingen remains headquarters of the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science-a chain of Planck...