Word: planetful
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...that astronomers ever stopped looking--at first, within the solar system, for the mysterious Planet X (now considered very unlikely to exist), and then, as powerful instruments like the 200-in. Hale telescope came online, around other stars as well. But picking out a planet against the glare of a star is like trying to spot a 100-watt light bulb next to a 100-billion-watt searchlight. Astronomers find it much easier to look for the subtle influence a planet might have on its parent star...
...orbiting world's gravity should, for example, tug faintly on the star that is its sun, pulling it first this way, then that. If the plane of the planet's orbit is such that a star is being pulled first toward and then away from the Earth, the motion will cause light waves coming from the star to be squeezed together, then stretched apart--making the light look first a little bit bluer than it really is, then a little bit redder, then bluer again, and so on. These subtle color changes--examples of the so-called Doppler shift...
...were wrong. As it happened, Butler was in the middle of rewriting the software last October to accommodate the spectrometer's newly heightened sensitivity when a disconcerting flood of E-mail started pouring in. Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz, of the Geneva Observatory in Switzerland, had just detected a planet circling the star 51 Pegasi, lying 45 light-years away in the constellation Pegasus. Says Queloz: "We first thought that our instrument was faulty, but repeated verifications and computations finally convinced us that we had bagged a planet...
...astronomical discovery has disappeared on a closer look, though, so Marcy and Butler headed for the telescope, determined either to debunk or verify the Swiss team's claims. Sure enough, says Marcy, after four nights at Lick and many hours of computer time, "everything they'd said about the planet was confirmed." (Butler and Marcy did, however, show that hints the Swiss team had found a second planet around the same star were mistaken...
...object turned out to be peculiar. It's half as massive as Jupiter, but orbiting closer to 51 Pegasi than Mercury is to the sun. That means its surface temperature is 1300ūC, hotter than a blast furnace. Still, it is a planet. "I was a little schizophrenic about it," says Marcy. "On the one hand, we had been scooped. But I also felt euphoric that humanity had entered a new era in which new worlds were going to be subject to exploration...