Word: plasterers
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Fresco is the most durable kind of painting known. It is done in water- soluble pigments on freshly laid sections of damp plaster -- the intonaco. When the plaster dries, the color is literally bonded in. Further touches may be put on a secco, on the dry plaster. The antis believe that some of the darkness of the Sistine ceiling and lunettes was put there by Michelangelo himself, in a dark wash of black pigment in glue size, brushed on after the fresco was dry to give more density to the figures and atmosphere to the space. They think this wash...
...tones of shadow. The slow drying of the intonaco gave Michelangelo all the time he needed to correct his shadows without having to use the washes of black pigment and glue size that the critics believe to be his handiwork. And because his retouching was chemically integrated with the plaster, there is no reason to suppose that the solvent AB-57 would remove...
...frescoes it is used in a weak solution, in varying applications lasting at most three minutes. It is an efficient solvent but a bland reagent. The fear that the cleaning has taken off any of Michelangelo's a secco passages seems unfounded. According to Colalucci, these retouchings on dry plaster by his hand have all been identified. In restoration, each is isolated by a waterproof acrylic resin; the surrounding area is cleaned with AB-57; then the resin is taken off and the passage is cleaned with solvents that do not contain water...
...India's foremost Hindu site, the southern city of Hampi, has appeared on UNESCO's endangered list for five years over plans to build a road nearby, and the city's magnificent central concourse has been irreparably damaged by shops, restaurants and hotels that have covered historic fa?ades with plaster, paint and neon. In western India, the Sikh Golden Temple at Amritsar is not even on the list of protected monuments. Traffic swarms around its walls, staining and rotting them with acrid fumes, while a Sikh group from England has covered many of the original murals with what conservationist Gurmeet...
...year, but many simply set up parallel "committees" that carry greater clout than the elected unions. At Mustansiriya University, there are two "committees" representing Shi'ites-radical cleric al-Sadr is particularly popular-and a third is backed by Sunni students. All three routinely celebrate religious events on campus, plaster walls with posters depicting their respective religious leaders and conduct campaigns urging students to adopt "Islamic" clothing and behavior. "It's a grave problem," says Sami Mudaffar, Iraq's Minister for Higher Education. "And it's going to need unusual solutions." He's proposing, for instance, to allow a limited...