Word: playbacks
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Many were the kinds of fixes, testified Koplin. Among them: the Area Fix, i.e., questions were pitched within the contestants' strong and specific areas of knowledge. (This was usually the case, declared Koplin, with Challenge's Teddy Nadler, who won $252,000.) There was also the Playback (questions had been asked in pre-game tests) and the Emergency (questions and answers were given the contestants, usually just before the show). "Emergencies" produced some Keystone Cops fiascos; often the fixer had to spring down to the celebrated bank vault, where the questions were held, quickly slip in the rigged...
...raison d'etre of the structure can be found in the basement where, for the last month, students have used such devices as tape recorders, master voices, playback mechanisms, and individual earphones for each private booth. This is the language laboratory, Harvard's manifestation of a well-proved theory of languages instruction...
...front of the language lab. Students sitting in their individual, sound-proofed booths hear the master voice through their earphones, and then repeat into the microphone what they have just heard--or thought they heard. Both master voice and student voice are recorded, so that, in a later playback session, each pupil can hear his mistakes and act to correct them...
...suburbs alone has more high school Russian courses than the entire nation had two years ago. All San Francisco high schools are switching language study from the formal grammar approach to the U.S. Army's faster speak-and-understand system. More and more schools have "language laboratories." electronic playback units that let students compare their pronunciation with native voices. Next step: conducting science, history or English literature classes in a foreign language. ¶ Elementary schools are changing radically from the "egg crate" method of locking all students by age in one grade under a pass-fail system...
Lata learned her trade long before she ever saw a movie. She roamed India with her actor father, joined his touring company at the age of seven, was singing Indian classical music in public at eight, was barely 13 when she landed her first playback job. For a while, producers managed to keep her ignorant of her growing popularity. "They were afraid I would ask for more money," she explains. Eventually Lata caught on. By 1949 her movies were all over the country, and her songs were played everywhere, including remote rural areas where villagers clustered around wind-up gramophones...