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...collapse of Communism in Poland was precipitated by both economic crisis and political ferment. By 1988, Poland’s command economy, overwhelmed by $6 billion of foreign debt and paralyzed by governmental incompetence, was in serious decline. Workers’ complaints over rising prices precipitated strikes and protests in 1970, 1976, 1980, and 1988. In July, a standoff between miners and the government saw the re-emergence of Solidarity, an illegal trade union...

Author: By Ellen C. Bryson, Matthew H. Ghazarian, and Eugene Kim | Title: Rewolucja: 20 Years Later | 2/6/2009 | See Source »

Officials have come under similar pressure in Ireland. Irish workers want construction companies to give precedence to Irish laborers over foreigners. Some 300,000 Polish workers flocked to Ireland's once booming building sector after Poland joined the E.U. in 2004. But the real estate market in Ireland has collapsed over the past year. Thousands of Poles have returned home, but many remain - leading to rising tensions as local and foreign workers compete for fewer jobs...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Protectionism on the Rise in Europe? | 2/4/2009 | See Source »

...from simple. Moscow clearly recognizes that Washington's needs in Afghanistan are an opportunity for Russia to press for greater accommodation of some of its top concerns. Russia expects the Obama Administration to scale back U.S. plans to deploy a missile-interceptor system on Russia's doorstep in Poland and the Czech Republic; it also expects the new team in Washington to abandon the Bush Administration's effort to press reluctant European allies to admit Ukraine and Georgia into NATO. But Russia also has a direct interest in the outcome in Afghanistan. Moscow has made clear that a NATO failure...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Russia Puts a Price on Its Cooperation in Afghanistan | 2/4/2009 | See Source »

...partner. Moscow has underlined that it owes Washington no favors, and a cooperative relationship will come at a price. Much of this, of course, involves muscle-flexing: days after Obama was elected, Russia announced that it would deploy medium-range Iskander nuclear missiles in Kaliningrad, near the border with Poland, in response to Washington's planned missile shield. Just this week, Moscow quietly withdrew that threat...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Russia Puts a Price on Its Cooperation in Afghanistan | 2/4/2009 | See Source »

...clear effort by the Russian Federation to flex its muscle in America’s neighborhood. Nor have Russian moves been limited to the Caribbean. The invasion of South Ossetia last summer and the Bush administration’s plan to construct a NATO-backed missile defense shield in Poland and the Czech Republic are just two reminders of how tense Russo-American relations have become in the post-Soviet era. Instead of encouraging further tension in this relationship by fixating on the ideological character of the Castro regime, it is imperative that the United States defuse tensions...

Author: By Jeffrey J. Phaneuf | Title: A More Perfect Neighborhood | 1/28/2009 | See Source »

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