Word: polese
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Calling the Soviets "very smart" for not intervening directly and allowing "the Poles to do it themselves," Goldman said Moscow would back up the Polish government militarily only if it could not control the situation alone.
But the government not only tolerated last week's ceremony, it joined in. Moreover, the regime later allowed a procession of 20,000 Poles, led by boy scouts, to wend their way through the city from the Cathedral of St. John to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. One...
A related and perhaps even more astonishing event has been the resurrection of a legendary patriotic figure after decades of official oblivion: Marshal Jozef Pilsudski, the military hero who was a bitter foe of the Soviet Union and the person the Poles consider the father of their modern country. As...
Communists have long derided Pilsudski as a "bourgeois dictator" and an "agent of the Western powers." Although he ran a tough military government from 1926 to 1935, when he died, Pilsudski remained a symbol of proud Polish nationalism. Poles were galvanized last week as the state-owned television suddenly broadcast...
At the dedication ceremony, a union leader told a cheering crowd: "The nation that loses its culture and history yields to the pressure of other nations." Last week, Poles were clearly using the past to fortify themselves in a shaky and uncertain present.