Word: poling
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Kuwait, whose population is nearly a quarter Palestinian refugees, has drifted alarmingly toward the pro-Moscow pole of the nonaligned movement. Other small gulf states may follow. The nonaligned have recovered from their initial collective outrage over the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan and resumed their earlier harping on Israeli occupation of the West Bank. The close identification of the U.S. with Israel has impeded American attempts to coordinate diplomacy with the European Community, and it has complicated U.S. relations with most Third World countries and virtually all Islamic ones. It has also complicated American efforts to preposition military supplies...
...experience. If it had been, the U.S. would now largely be a radioactive wasteland or a Soviet colony or both. Rather, vulnerability is a hypothetical condition. It arises in worst-case scenarios about what might happen-in the guidance systems of rockets, in outer space over the North Pole, in underground silos beneath the incinerated landscapes of the American Northwest and in the minds of men in Washington and Moscow-during the first half-hour of World War III. While highly conjectural, the problem of determining vulnerability must still be taken very seriously: avoiding World War III depends...
...from west to east. They are fired from launchers at Plesetsk near the White Sea and Tyuratam near the Aral Sea at targets in the north Pacific and on the Kamchatka peninsula in Siberia. In a war, however, the missiles would follow a very different trajectory, over the North Pole, and would therefore be subject to different geodetic, gravitational and meteorological forces, known as bias, from those that prevail on the test range. The result, say the critics, would be bias errors in the accuracy of warheads fired against...
...Force replies that both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. have virtually eliminated the problem of bias. Among other things, the Soviets can launch satellites over the pole into orbit, measure the geodetic forces, and program their missiles accordingly. That is exactly what the U.S. does to complement its own east-to-west ICBM test shots from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California to Kwajalein atoll in the Marshall Islands. Furthermore, says Harold Brown, Defense Secretary in the Carter Administration and now visiting professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies in Washington: "Since Soviet warheads are considerably more...
...novelist, who saw himself as "Pole, Catholic and Gentleman," left his native country at age 16. Between then and the age of 40, he voyaged all over the world, soaking up South American background for stories like Nostromo and Caspar Ruiz, working on sailing ships, where his experiences served as the basis for The Nigger of the Narcissus. He joined a steamship expedition up the Congo, which became the setting for Heart of Darkness. The circumstances of his life would seem to require little exaggeration, but Conrad loved to romanticize everything, including himself. As Tennant shows, he probably never...