Word: polio
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...large and serious disease field. After 20 years of vigorous life, during which it raised $560 million (virtually all from the March of Dimes), the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis announced last week a change of name and a raising of its sights against far commoner ills than polio. Henceforth to be called simply the National Foundation, the aggressive organization that spent $34 million on the research that produced (among other gains) the Salk vaccine * will turn its attention to two other cripplers: the rheumatic diseases and defects present in children at birth...
...National Foundation could tick off a substantial victory in its battle against polio. In the U.S. this year there have been 913 cases of polio reported, as against 1,979 at this time last year. But 438 of this year's cases have been specified as paralytic, only 317 nonparalytic (the rest are unspecified). Inexplicably, out of a hearteningly smaller total of cases, a higher proportion are paralytic: 58% as against 46%. Nobody knows the reason for this. Some 70 million Americans have now been vaccinated (50 million with three shots); since some do not respond to the vaccine...
...that victory over paralytic poliomyelitis has been substantially achieved. The plans, said O'Connor, "have been many years in the making." He might have added that ever since the Salk vaccine, developed with N.F.I.P. funds, was recognized as a weapon capable of preventing the worst ravages of polio, the roar of speculation about what the foundation would do next has been almost loud enough to drown out the annual March of Dimes (354 million this year...
...secret plans had leaked in widening Manhattan medical circles. The marching dimes will right wheel. From facing an infectious disease and its complications, they will turn to attack arthritis and malformations that are present at birth. Though utterly different in origin, these disorders have something in common with paralytic polio-they cause long-term if not lifelong disablement, require vast sums for costly care of helpless victims. The N.F.I.P. sees these targets as first of a series, hopes to conquer them by the same blitz tactics that it used against polio, then move against other diseases that cause permanent disability...
...family of at least three enteroviruses (so called because they can multiply in the gut) that sometimes cause no detectable illness, but at other times attack the nervous system. Doctors used to think that the only one of the three capable of causing paralysis was the virus of polio itself. This may not be so, say Hammon and colleagues. After studying six patients who were immunized against polio with gamma globulin in prevaccine days and then developed a paralytic disease that was mistaken for polio, they now suggest that the guilty viruses were of the Coxsackie group (named...