Word: polio
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Salk vaccine against paralytic polio may be even more effective than the statistics have shown. Since wide-scale vaccination began in 1955, there have been hundreds of reported cases of paralysis among people who had had one or two shots (only a handful among those who had had three). But in last week's A.M.A. Journal, a University of Pittsburgh team headed by Dr. William McD. Hammon
...Manhattan courtroom, an all-male blue-ribbon jury studiously listened to the story of a thoroughly senseless murder. Seven boys, 15 to 19, were on trial for the gang killing of polio-crippled, 15-year-old Michael Farmer in a Washington Heights park in upper Manhattan last summer (TIME, Aug. 12). Developed by the prosecution and no fewer than 27 court-appointed defense lawyers, the story unfolded slowly: the gang, called the Egyptian Dragons, had armed themselves with knives, a machete, a heavy dog chain, sticks, pipes and garrison belts, slipped into the park looking for members of a rival...
Ever since the ancients labeled them kin to Hanuman. demigod king of the monkeys, India's monkeys have been prolific, pampered pests. But starting in 1951, when scientists discovered that rhesus monkey kidneys were ideal for making polio vaccines, hordes of the primates were lured from the Assam jungles to worthy ends in the laboratories of the world. Shipping 150,000 small brown monkeys annually to 30 countries (80% to the U.S.), India earned $3,000,000 a year in foreign exchange; four big exporters and 5,000 trappers prospered, and many airlines cashed in on the boom...
...government ruled that only monkeys weighing more than 6 Ibs. (v. the old 4-to-6-lb. standard) can be shipped, and only at a rate of five a crate, compared to the previous dozen. The government's official view was that smaller monkeys are not necessary for polio vaccine. But unofficially, the reason was increasing religious pressure from India's monkey deifiers. plus a dark fear that other countries really use the monkeys for rocket and radiation research. Whatever the reason, by last week the market was effectively killed. Unable to find enough six-pounders, hundreds...
...vaccine against measles is at last in sight. This momentous news was announced last week to a Manhattan conference of virus experts by Harvard's famed Virologist John Franklin Enders, winner of a Nobel Prize for developing the tissue-culture foundation on which the Salk polio vaccine was built...