Word: polio
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Academy of Science the Noble Lecture--written by the three men-and required annually of all winners in the field of science. He will tell how three men in a tiny laboratory at the Children's Hospital followed logical scientific methods to discover the long-sought method of cultivating polio virus in a test-tube. Although their methods were only a slight modification of a research technique first introduced in 1907, they produced a discovery sufficiently significant to inspire the nation-wide Salk Vaccine campaign...
...said in accepting the Passano Award in 1953 for culturing polio viruses in living tissues...
What the trio, under the direction of Enders, had done was select a well-known method of cultivating chicken pox viruses and apply that method to isolating and growing the polio virus. But they had made one important change over previous attempts to grow the virus in a test-tube. It was what Zinsser would have called that last "step across to accomplished discovery." Unlike their predecessors, they had used human skin tissue-instead of nerve tissue-on which to grow the disease. Original as their final step may have been, the three associates regard their success...
Each day 1,309,377 Americans receive hospital treatment, 584,455 in mental hospitals (the load was 352,279 twenty years ago). Among major diseases, the biggest gainer is polio (57,879 cases v. 1947's low 10,827); the biggest loser is syphilis (165.853 cases v. 1946's peak...
...Virologist John F. Enders (TIME, Nov. 1) of Boston's Children's Medical Center: he thinks he has trapped the elusive measles virus and got it growing in tissue-culture tubes. If this is confirmed, further steps would follow along the lines that led to the Salk polio vaccine...