Word: polio
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...comes to our expectations of the annual flu shot. There is no guarantee that it will work, but on a population level, odds are that it's better to get a flu shot than not. "We all recognize that the influenza vaccine is not as effective as the polio vaccine, or the measles vaccine," says Schaffner. "It's not a great vaccine, but it is quite a good vaccine. We are not going to eliminate influenza through the use of this vaccine. But we can mitigate its devastating impact on the population if we get immunized...
Thomas H. Weller, a Nobel laureate who spent decades as a professor at the Harvard School of Public Health and whose tissue-culture research paved the way to the development of vaccines for polio and other viral diseases such as chicken pox and measles, died on Aug. 23 at his home in Needham, Mass...
Weller received the 1954 Nobel Prize for Medicine with two of his Harvard colleagues—John P. Enders, Weller’s former professor at the Medical School, and Frederick C. Robbins—for their research on polio. The researchers reported successfully cultivating poliomyelitis viruses in a test tube for the first time in 1949, using tissue taken from a monkey. (Enders died in 1985, Robbins...
...discovery was instrumental in the development of vaccines for polio, a viral infectious disease eliminated from the Americas in 1994, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. More than 16,000 cases of paralytic polio were recorded every year in the U.S. before a vaccine was first introduced in 1952 by Jonas Salk and in 1962 by Albert Sabin. Only four countries are still listed as never having interrupted endemic transmission of polio as of 2006, according to the World Health Organization...
...Beyond his pioneering scientific breakthroughs in growing polio in culture and discovering varicella and rubella viruses, all of which made the new vaccines possible, Professor Weller became a champion for public health and the effort to focus the best of science on the diseases and health problems of the poorest people on the globe,” School of Public Health Dean Barry R. Bloom said in a statement. “His impact has been incalculable, and his legacy will be something cherished by generations to come at HSPH and far beyond...