Word: poliovirus
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...trouble with the newly licensed vaccine is that it is effective against only Type I poliovirus. Said the PHS's Surgeon General Luther L. Terry: "I want to emphasize that an oral vaccine providing protection against all three types of poliomyelitis will not be available for some time. It is of the highest importance that vaccinations continue with the Salk vaccine, which is the only weapon we have today against all three types of polio...
Strict Safety Test. Type I poliovirus used to cause 85% or more of all paralytic polio; Type II caused less than 5%; and Type III was blamed for the rest. Now Type II has all but disappeared, and Type III is reported as causing more than half of the paralytic cases. Why is not yet certain; one suggestion is that the injected Salk vaccine, which combines the three types in a single shot, was often weakest in its Type III component...
...supplement at first, but not necessarily to replace, Dr. Jonas E. Salk's killed vaccine, the PHS Committee on Live Poliovirus Vaccine selected the live but attenuated strains developed by the University of Cincinnati's Dr. Albert Bruce Sabin. Whereas the Salk vaccine's virus particles are inactivated so that they cannot multiply, much less cause disease, the Sabin vaccine's viruses are expected to multiply. In this way, they cause a harmless infection. They do this in the digestive tract and render this part of the body an unsuitable seeding ground for future invasions...
...Public Health Service this week summoned its Committee on Live Poliovirus Vaccine to meet on its Bethesda, Md. campus to study reports of the oral vaccines' safety, potency and effectiveness. The evidence for the panel, headed by PHS's Dr. Roderick Murray, was confusing and often contradictory. The consensus: while live-virus vaccines, taken by mouth (as distinct from the killed-virus, Salk-type vaccine, which must be injected), are indeed promising, there is little chance that any will be licensed for general U.S. use until next summer or later...