Word: polish
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...protest the brutal breaking of workers' strikes by the police and army, the shooting of people, beatings, the internment of many thousands of people in prisons and camps." With those searing words, more than 100 prominent Polish intellectuals and artists last week denounced the martial law regime of General Wojciech Jaruzelski in a petition sent to the nation's parliament and Archbishop Jozef Glemp, the Roman Catholic primate...
...open letter that circulated in Warsaw last week, ex-Communist Party Member Stefan Bratkowski, the former head of the Association of Polish Journalists, called for a "ceasefire" in the "civil war" launched by "the authorities against their own population...
Even in Poland, some Solidarity sympathizers have expressed doubts about the wisdom of the union's course. Sitting in a comfortable country house near Warsaw, a group of affluent Polish farmers last week discussed the union's fate with a mixture of pity and reproach. "We are still for Solidarity," said one man, "but unfortunately they should have had more patience." His wife agreed: "It was too much, too fast...
...There was no way a Marxist-Leninist regime could have tolerated an independent entity whose very existence challenged the party's monopoly of power. Accepting even a moderate Solidarity meant ceasing to be a Communist state. At the same time, Solidarity's creation unleashed aspirations in Polish society that were beyond anyone's control. Conflict was unavoidable...
DIED. Leopold Leib Trepper, 77, a Polish-born Jew and longtime Communist who in the late 1930s and early 1940s led a 290-member spy network for the Soviet Union that was known to the Germans as the "Red Orchestra"; in Jerusalem. The Nazis smashed the Red Orchestra in 1942-43, and one Hitler aide later estimated that the espionage ring had cost 200,000 German soldiers' lives. At war's end, Trepper was rewarded by the Soviets with a ten-year prison term. Released in 1955, he returned to Poland and was permitted in 1974 to emigrate...