Word: polished
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After World War II, the Soviet Union bit off a large chunk of eastern Poland and compensated for it by moving Poland's border with Germany westward to the banks of the Oder and Neisse rivers. When the German territories of Silesia and Pomerania thus became Polish, more than 3 million Germans fled or were expelled, but hundreds of thousands of ethnic Germans remain. In a series of postwar treaties, including the Helsinki Final Act of 1975, signed by 35 states, West Germany has promised not to challenge the new frontiers of Europe. But Bonn insists that final agreement must...
...Warsaw the new year brought the implementation of an unprecedented plan to transform the Polish economy into a capitalist one. The cold turkey blueprint is well drafted, but initially it is likely to accelerate the nation's hyperinflation and cause serious unemployment and widespread bankruptcies. In Sofia the communist government held its first set of talks with opposition leaders. But already the new government was faced with another challenge: a countrywide general strike and mass protests against the restoration of religious and cultural freedom to the country's minority Turks. Havel's government set out on a course of economic...
Triumph of the Spirit might be expected to transcend this label, if only because of one line in the movie's final credits: "Filmed on location at the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camps." Co-producer Arnold Kopelson won ! permission from Polish authorities to use the huge camps (now museums) as the setting for his story. How chilling it must have been for the actors and especially the extras -- many of them Auschwitz survivors -- to see the place restored as if in full working order...
...hedonist in director Paul Mazursky's $ film of Enemies, a Love Story, is sure. There must have been a Holocaust, or Herman would not have hidden from it for most of the war. Now it is 1949, and he lives in New York with, eventually, three loving women: his Polish Gentile wife Yadwiga (Margaret Sophie Stein), whom he married out of gratitude for protecting him in the old country; his passionate mistress Masha (Lena Olin), whom the Holocaust has driven to a volcanic indecision between childbearing and suicide; and his long-lost first wife Tamara (Anjelica Huston), whom...
Poland, where major antigovernment strikes broke out in 1956, 1968, 1970, 1976 and 1980-81, mounted the first full test of Moscow's new policy. At the beginning of 1989, Polish party leader Wojciech Jaruzelski told his Central Committee that "fundamental changes" were needed to rescue the economy from work stoppages, inflation, debt, shortages and the burden of a near worthless currency. Having suppressed Solidarity for seven years and jailed or driven underground many of its leaders, the party needed the union's help. During several weeks of so-called round-table discussions with the government, Walesa and other union...