Word: polisher
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...paper, at least, the 21-article agreement was a model of scrupulous regard between self-respecting allies. The Russians conceded that their troops would not move from their bases or conduct training exercises without Polish consent. Soviet military personnel would "respect and observe" Polish law, be tried in Polish courts for any crimes or misdemeanors committed against the Polish population. The Russians promised never, never to use their troops to influence Polish domestic affairs, and the document emphasized and reiterated that their stay was "temporary...
...Hungary (see FOREIGN NEWS), set up headquarters in Warsaw in 1944, he realized that the NKVD was for the first time operating in a country with a Catholic majority. He favored a gradual undermining of the Church's position rather than a direct frontal attack, picked a Polish political adventurer named Boleslaw Piasecki to lead a group of "progressive," i.e., proCommunist, Catholics. Piasecki had learned the tricks of his trade as an agent for Mussolini and later for the Gestapo, had organized shock troops to liquidate Red partisans in Poland. Picked up by the NKVD, he saved his neck...
...vast resources, PAX never budged the vast majority of Polish Catholics. Audiences listened skeptically when high-living Director Piasecki tried to explain why it was "necessary" for Poland's Red regime to jail Catholic bishops or liquidate Catholic charities. Many unsuspecting priests were arrested after their frank conversations were recorded by PAX men wearing concealed microphones; then Piasecki would offer to help free them in return for "cooperation." Only a handful accepted, and not a single renegade bishop could be found...
...Piasecki which called Communism the true Christianity. When Gomulka returned to power last October, many PAX leaders hastily and publicly repudiated it. The total failure of PAX to split Poland's Catholic leadership was a measure of how grossly the Soviets had underestimated the vitality of the Polish church...
...cardinal's representatives' two" main demands: 1) that religious instruction be given in schools for all whose parents ask it; 2) that church appointments no longer be subject to state veto. Having gained these concessions, the Vatican last week named five auxiliary bishops to long-vacant Polish dioceses in the western lands taken from Germany (the Vatican did not accredit them to specific districts so as to take no sides in the German-Polish territorial rivalry). Finally, the Gomulka government released imprisoned priests to resume their parish work in Silesia...