Word: polisher
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...history Poland has been many times dominated from the East. Out of the eastern steppe have come barbaric conquerors, feudal overlords, religious crusaders, imperialists and Communists, but to the Poles they have always been the Rosjanie-the Russians. Though often overrun, cut up and reduced, the Poles-even Polish Communists-have never yielded the intense belief that they are a nation, separate and sovereign...
That passion stirred the small ruling group that gathered at 10 a.m. sharp one rainy morning last week in the cream-colored building of the Council of Ministers on Warsaw's Stalin Avenue. This was the inner council, the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' (Communist) Party. They had two important items on their agenda. The first was to reinstate in the party hierarchy Wladyslaw Gomulka, 51, onetime party leader who, because he had refused to castigate Tito, had been disgraced and imprisoned by Stalin. The second item was more audacious: a motion to expel Marshal Konstantin...
...when this liberalization had produced not gratitude but open resistance at Poznan, the Kremlin leadership had shown in the Poznan trials that it feared to return to repression. Perhaps Khrushchev could no longer control the forces he had unleashed. The time had come to find out, and the Polish Communists had found the man to make the test...
...moment, Gomulka had control of the Polish apparatus, but his difficulties were not over. Would a simple change to a Polish-style Communism satisfy Poland's restless millions? The day might come when Gomulka would need the Kremlin's help as badly as he now needed to defy it. This awareness lay behind his offer of a continued collaboration with Moscow. But could Nikita Khrushchev accept Gomulka's cooperation on these terms? Khrushchev by his hasty flight to Warsaw had staked his own prestige on the event, and had suffered a rebuff...
...clear their programs with the cautious Tito. Delegations from the Communist Parties of Bulgaria, Rumania, Hungary have checked in at Belgrade during the last two weeks. A delegation from East Germany is expected. But in Czechoslovakia, sensitive neighbor to Poland, Khrushchev decided on direct intervention. To head off a Polish-type independence move there, a 13-man Soviet delegation, led by one of Comrade Khrushchev's top aides, arrived in Prague last week to "study the life and work of the Czechoslovak party," i.e., to make sure Moscow kept control of the secret police...