Word: polisher
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Confused Response. The problem of Poznan troubled the Communists too. "The basis for the bloody riots was the dissatisfaction of the workers," the Polish party organ Trybuna Ludu admitted. (The Russian charge that it was all stirred up by the Americans was not repeated in Poznan, where the people knew better.) There were signs of a conflict between Party Secretary Edward Ochab (once described by Stalin as "a Communist with some teeth in him"), who was said to be for reprisals, and Premier Jozef Cyrankiewicz, a turncoat Socialist and ex-inmate of Nazi concentration camps (four years in World...
...Stalin Locomotive Works had been paid higher wages than most of their neighbors, because they were making military equipment. Three weeks ago, when the military orders were cut back for lack of raw materials, the Communist management slashed the workers' wages 30% to the starvation level normal for Polish workers (a month's work for a pair of leather shoes). The locomotive workers sent a delegation to Warsaw's Communist bureaucrats to plead their case, but, having little hope of relief, they organized a strike...
Their first victim was a 16-year-old boy. The crowd lifted his dead body and carried it before them. A Polish red-and-white flag, dipped in his blood, was escorted by a proud and pretty Polish girl. Patriotic songs (Poland Is Not Yet Lost) were sung, but above the sound of marching and singing could be heard the chant: "Chleba, chleba, chleba!" (bread, bread, bread...
...rescue of the embattled security guards. The tanks opened fire on the armed workers with machine guns and cannon, killing many. Cannon were set up in Freedom Square, and tanks soon commanded every tactical point in the city. Truck-borne soldiers began mopping up the side streets. Some Polish soldiers had no heart for the job. "You have nothing to fear from us," a soldier was heard shouting to the workers. A Polish soldier was shot by an officer because he refused to fire on the workers...
...boards if they failed to pay protection money. After holding onto their franchise in the face of attacks by some of the toughest tearaways in The Smoke, the Sabini gang at last gave way to the Black Brothers, who in turn were muscled out by Jack Spot. Born of Polish-Jewish parents in a Whitechapel tenement in 1912, Jack Spot (né Comer) was a shrewd operator with a taste for custom-made silk shirts, big black cigars and 40-guinea suits. It took a fat wad of track-protection money to buy these luxuries for Jack, but to help...