Word: polisher
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...First Secretary Wladyslaw Gomulka, 65, may soon be giving way to young leaders epitomized by Stanislaw Kociolek, who at 37 is the youngest Vice Premier in Europe. Economically, the country, after three years of frustrating stagnation, is about to make its first departure toward more efficient industrial management. Culturally, Polish writers, dramatists and movie makers, who in the late 1950s knew a brief period of relatively untrammeled creativity, are hoping for greater artistic freedom...
...women of the major cities are completely attuned to Western fashion; Warsaw's Moda Polska fashion house sends its designers to Paris and London showings. Despite the advent of the midi, the mini is still in vogue. Even Warsaw policewomen wear minis, serving as reminders that the Polish leg can be as well turned as any in Europe. Student cabarets, such as Cracow's Piwnica Pod Baranami stage political satires lampooning government bureaucracy and inefficiency...
...Polish planners realize that they must increase private incentive throughout the entire economy. Despite the glitter of the major cities, much of Poland reflects Socialism's noncaring dinginess. Mondays remain meatless. Long queues of shoppers extend from stores when supplies of scarce fruit and butter arrive. Salaries are low. The average worker earns only $75 per month, and though rents are low, housing space is cramped...
...into effect Jan. 1, aims at redirecting Poland's economic energies into more dynamic and profitable industries. Under the plan, factories are required to finance 80% of their own expansion from profits, so that only the ones producing high-quality and wanted goods will be able to grow. Polish workers, whose wages have had little connection with the quality of their performance, will now be given bonuses for extra achievement. At the same time, plant managers will be given a greater voice in setting production goals...
Unlike the Hungarian economic reform, the Polish plan has a major weakness in that it does not move far enough toward a market economy and gives central planners in Warsaw veto rights over production quotas. Some Western observers believe that Warsaw conservatives will stifle the plan in fear that the economy is moving out of their grasp. But most Poles remain hopeful. Some even believe that the plan could have important political consequences. "Certainly you cannot have economic reforms without some political reforms," says Mieczyslaw Rakowski, 44, editor in chief of the authoritative weekly Polityka. Rakowski, a candidate member...