Word: polisher
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...evolving situation in Eastern Europe is influenced not only by the Pope's commanding personality and the religious fervor of his Polish people, but by the nature of the current struggle between Marxism and religion. Marx originally objected to religion in the belief that it encouraged men to ignore human suffering in the present in hopes of future spiritual salvation. He predicted that the forces of economic history would grind religion into oblivion. Then, somewhat perversely, his own theory became a secular faith. Before long it was actively contributing to human suffering, while encouraging men to endure the pain...
...working toward them in his native land, the Pope must consider who will succeed Cardinal Wyszynski, who is now 77 and reported to be in precarious health. Two new Polish Cardinals are among those presumed to be candidates for Primate...
...join the Pope at his trip's final event, Sunday's Mass in honor of St. Stanislaw, their mutual predecessor 900 years ago in the see of Cracow. Stanislaw, according to legend, was felled by King Boleslaw the Bold because he dared to excommunicate the cruel and licentious Polish monarch for mistreating his subjects. Canonized in 1253, the martyred bishop is interpreted by the church as a defender of human rights against tyranny...
Religion and the Polish past: When national and state structures were lacking, society, for the most part Catholic, found support in the hierarchical order of the church. And this helped society to overcome the times of the partition of the country and the times of the occupation. It helped society to maintain, and even to deepen its understanding of, the awareness of its own identity. Perhaps certain people from other countries may consider this situation "untypical," but for the Poles it has an unmistakable eloquence. It is simply a part of the truth of the history of our own motherland...
Says Daniel Maguire, an ex-priest and ethics professor at Marquette University: "He seems to see the world as Poland writ large." Poland's bishops hammer out any differences in private and then unite under the Primate, Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski, in order to survive. This Polish Pope is accustomed to that type of collegiality, which means top-down obedience, not ecclesiastical democracy. No one knows how it will go when an international Synod of Bishops meets in Rome the fall of 1980 to discuss family life...