Word: polisher
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...workers rushed to join up at hastily improvised union locals across the country, Walesa and the other ex-strike leaders quickly found themselves at the head of a labor federation that soon grew to 10 million members?fully a quarter of the Polish population. Organizing and controlling the loosely knit federation, which was divided into 38 semiautonomous regional chapters, soon became a major challenge for Walesa and the national commission that he headed in Gdansk. The job was complicated by an almost insatiable drive for democracy among a rank and file that had no experience with the democratic process. Most...
...Administration's most imaginative proposal, embracing the "zero option". in talks with the U.S.S.R. on reduction of nuclear arms in Europe, may not survive the Polish crisis. At home, the troubles of Budget Boss David Stockman, National Security Adviser Richard Allen and Labor Secretary Raymond Donovan pointed up the thinness of talent in the Administration: the supporting cast is not of the same caliber as the star...
...leaders of the Western world were preoccupied with a common question last week: How should they respond to the Polish government's declaration of martial law and crackdown on the independent trade union movement Solidarity? In a Christmas address to the American people, President Reagan proposed a number of economic sanctions against Poland and one sweeping, symbolic gesture of support. Recalling that the Polish people were demonstrating their opposition to martial law by placing lighted candles in their windows, the President declared he would light a candle in a White House window "as a small but certain beacon...
Reagan considered a long list of measures that the U.S. could take against the Polish government, including a trade boycott. In the end he settled on a set of largely symbolic sanctions: a cutoff of Poland's $25 million in credit insurance at the U.S. Export-Import Bank (which would discourage private banks from lending far greater sums), a suspension of the Polish national airline's right to land in the U.S., and a declaration that American territorial waters would be placed off limits to Polish fishing boats. The effect of these measures, the President hoped, would be to encourage...
...West Germans opposed the imposition of sanctions and planned to go ahead with their aid commitments to Poland, which include $17 million in food. The Bonn government is anxious to preserve whatever is left of détente. So it took the position that General Wojciech Jaruzelski, the Polish armed forces commander and Premier, had declared martial law not because he was ordered to do so by the Soviet Union, but because he was seeking to ward off Soviet intervention. This view was essentially shared by the British government, which believed that the Soviets had pressed Warsaw to crush Solidarity...