Word: polishers
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...rest of the world the race-rout through Poland looked like a bloody blur. To Poles it was just bloody. But to Russians it was coming closer all the time. Over the plains, around the swamps, through the cities, past Cracow, Lwow, Brest-Litovsk, into Galicia, down to the Polish Ukraine, hurried the approaching friends, grabbing the industrial region and the coal mines in passing, looking as big and as powerful as an express train seems to a motorist stalled in the middle of the track. Hammer and Steel put their heads together...
...Russian Ukraine, been driven back so far that on August 12 Marshal Tukachevsky, following a plan worked out by a Tsarist general in 1831, circled Warsaw to the North; SimeonBudenny,with the Red Cavalry, had taken Lwow; a third force was ready to encircle Warsaw from the South; Dzerzhinsky, Polish-born nobleman, ruthless organizer of the Cheka, waited outside Warsaw to spring the uprising of the Warsaw proletariat...
...decisive battles of the world, it changed Comintern policy, stopped plans to employ the Red Army to work with the European proletariat, forced Lenin to give up immediate hopes of world revolution, directed Comintern agitation to China and the Far East. Russians decided that they had underestimated Polish national aspirations, and nationalist ambitions everywhere; when Trotsky fell, the defeat was blamed on him, when Tukachevsky was purged, he was called responsible; latest official history of the Communist Party, the Mein Kampf of Russia, holds both guilty of collaborating with Polish landlords and French imperialists...
...finds it difficult," began the pensive dictator, "to explain such a defeat [the 14-day advance of the German Army] only by the superiority of German military technique . . . and by the lack of effective assistance ... of Great Britain and France. The Polish State has proved so impotent and inefficient that it began to crumble . . . with the first military set backs. What are the causes of the situation which brought Poland to the verge of bankruptcy...
...These causes are rooted in the inner weaknesses of the Polish State. Poland is a multi-national State.*The Poles constitute only about 60% of the population of Poland. . . . Poland is inhabited by no less than 8,000,000 Ukrainians and about 3,000,000 White Russians. ... It would appear that the Polish ruling circles should have established normal relations with such important national minorities. . . . Instead the national policy . . . was characterized by suppression and oppression of national minorities. . . . Regions in which the Ukrainians form a majority of the population were subjected to extremely rude and unscrupulous exploitation by Polish landlords...