Word: polishing
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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There have been signs in recent weeks that tolerance for Jaruzelski's peculiar mix of Communism and Polish nationalism may be wearing thin in Moscow. The Soviet weekly New Times, for example, took some uncomradely potshots at Polityka, a moderate Polish weekly that is thought to represent the views of some members of Jaruzelski's inner circle. The Moscow publication bluntly stated that Polityka, and by implication the Jaruzelski regime, had lost its bearings and seemed intent on making Poland "a land of pluralism." That message has not been lost on the hard-liners in Poland...
...that was good news or bad was another question. The first trip produced the optimism and euphoria that led to the creation of Solidarity, but it would be difficult to dare hope this time that anything but more frustration, hardship and agony lay in store for the long-suffering Polish nation...
...psychological divide that separates this pilgrimage from his triumphal return in June 1979. His first homecoming had been spontaneously jubilant, as Poles in the millions turned out to greet a favorite son who had left for Rome eight months before as a Cardinal and come back as the first Polish Pope in history. The experience of standing shoulder to shoulder in quiet defiance of the country's Communist rulers had helped prepare the way for Solidarity's rise...
...hangs in countless homes across the country as he stepped from the plane at Warsaw's Okecie Airport. Clutching his white skullcap against a sudden breeze, John Paul made his way down to the tarmac and, in his traditional gesture of respect, knelt to kiss the asphalt. While Polish President Henryk Jablonski looked on, the Pope explained with emotion that he had kissed the ground, "as if I placed a kiss on the hands of a mother, for the homeland is our earthly mother." Said John Paul: "I consider it my duty to be with my compatriots in this...
...tones about the Pope's imminent arrival. About 20 university students from Poznan who had slept overnight on the floor of a Dominican cloister strummed guitars and sang religious and folk songs. Entire families huddled in the windows of nearby buildings that were decorated with white-and-red Polish flags, yellow-and-white papal pennants and portraits of the Pope and the Black Madonna. As John Paul rode past in the white Popemobile that had been brought from Rome, a wave of emotion surged through the crowd. Some Poles openly wept. Others thrust their fingers defiantly into...