Word: pollaiuolos
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Female Fellini. Aline Saarinen, nee Bernstein, keeps her work bright, light and informative, without ever making the highbrow seem high-blown. A Phi Beta Kappa from Vassar, whose girlhood goal was to be "intelluptuous," she got a job on Art News "because I could spell Pollaiuolo,"* rose to managing editor in 1944, a year later joined the New York Times as an art critic. While on an assignment in 1952, she interviewed and later married Finnish-born Architect Eero Saarinen (it was her second marriage). After his death eight years later, she appeared on a 1962 CBS special on Lincoln...
...Washington's National Gallery. Italian Chargé d'Affaires Gian Luigi Milesi Ferretti, Chief Justice Earl Warren and Attorney General Robert Kennedy stood before a throng of art enthusiasts to unveil two small paintings on wood illustrating the labors of Hercules by the 15th century Italian painter Pollaiuolo, recently recovered in California after having been stolen from the Uffizi by the Nazis during World...
Most artists like live models, but there was a time when painters preferred dead ones. Florence's great master Antonio Pollaiuolo (1429-98) carefully studied a corpse with its skin peeled away for his Battle of the Nudes, Pollaiuolo had just discovered muscles. As a result, his Nudes bulged with biceps like characters from one of Bernarr Macfadden's "beefcake" magazines. Pollaiuolo was the first artist to make a first-hand study of what lay under the skin, and he touched off an artistic revolution. How far that revolution carried was shown last week by Manhattan...
Dissection in Secret. Curator A. (for Alpheus) Hyatt Mayor chose 100-odd prints and paintings calculated to fascinate both students and medical men. Until Pollaiuolo, the only artists who seriously studied anatomy were the Greeks. Since dissection was forbidden by their religion, they carefully watched athletes in the gymnasia. Medieval art was less concerned with reproducing correct anatomical detail than with expressing the subject's inner light. Dissection was still frowned upon in those days (though doctors often carried it on in secret...
With the Renaissance, artists returned to anatomy and, after Pollaiuolo, went in for it in a big way. Leonardo Da Vinci learned through dissection (by the end of the 15th century the church had approved the practice), did countless sketches and cross sections, working to get just the right swell of a bicep, the right organ in the right place. The Metropolitan shows a precise study by Leonardo of a baby in a womb. Raphael spent long hours dissecting; Curator Mayor shows how his later figures lose their smooth look and take on bone structure and strong, adult muscles...