Word: pols
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Best general references: National Conference for Good City Government, Philadelphia, 1894 (also bibliography at end of the book); A. H. Sinclair, Municipal Monopolies and their Management (Toronto Univ. Studies in Pol. Sci. No. 2); Solomon Schindler, The Use of Public Ways by Private Corporations, a reply to S. L. Powers in Arena V. 687-693. (May 1892): The Relation of Modern Municipalities to Quasi-Public Works (Am. Ec. Assn. Pubs.); A. D. White, The Government of American Cities, in Forum, X. 357-372 (Dec. 1890); Albert Shaw, Municipal Government in Great Britain...
...ever increasing tendency today is towards government control of quasi-public works.- (a) This also applies to municipalities as shown in the present condition of affairs: Professor Hadley in Pol. Sci. Quar., III. 573 (Dec. 1888); Municipal monopolies and their Management...
...tariff), Cairnes, Leading Principles, ch. 4; Wilson in N. A. R., vol. 159, pp. 385-394 (Oct. '94), Forum, XVI, 544-549 (Feb. '94) and Boston Herald, Aug. 30, '94; Russell in N. A. R., vol. 157, pp. 641-653 (Nov. '93); Taussig in Pol. Sci. Quar., IX, 585-610 (Dec. '94) and In. Jr. Cec., VIII, 1-40 (Oct. '93); Nation, LI, 413; N. A. R., vol. 159, pp. 746-754 (Dec. '94); Pol, Sci. Quar...
...best utilization of natural resources.- (b) Hurt manufacturers by raising the price of raw materials: Ibid. p. 402; Petition of Iron and Steel Industries for free iron ore and free coal; N. Am. Rev. Vol. 159. pp. 650, 651.- (c) Injure the 'morale of industry': Cairnes, pp. 402, 403, Pol. Sci. Q. VI. pp. 611, 612.- (1) "Cause manufacturers to rely on legislation more than on their own economy and skill."- (d) Foster trusts and monopolies.- (e) Economists unanimously condemn them: Lalor, Cyclopaedia...
...lower rates.- (1) Rates were lower in 1884 under pooling system than ever before, except during rate wars: N. Y. Ry. Commission Report of 1884, I: 77.- (c) It checks consolidation and monopoly.- (1) The powerful companies cannot, by cutting rates, ruin, and then absorb, the smaller roads: Pol. Sci. Quar. '87, p. 388.- (d) It tends to lessen the construction of parallel lines.- (1) New roads, obtaining only a fair share of traffic under pooling system, cannot compete with old established lines.- (2) Parallel lines are usually constructed on wild-cat schemes, with expected profit through rate-cutting, railway...