Word: pont
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Returning to grass after a disappointing Derformance in the National Clay Courts championship in Chicago, New York's Althea Gibson got back in form, beat Margaret Osborne du Pont 6-1, 6-4 at the Vlerion Cricket Club to win the women's Pennsylvania and Eastern States tennis championship, most important U.S. title of her career...
With the high cost of doing business, top sales sometimes were not enough to guarantee top profits. Allied Chemical & Dye Corp. scored a sales record for its first quarter, but earnings slumped 4% to $25.5 million, partially because of higher wages and freight rates. Du Pont's net from chemicals dropped slightly as a result of the belt-tightening in textiles and autos...
Nevertheless, the companies that have delved most deeply into fundamentals have in most cases come up with the richest booty. Du Pont's nylon came from basic research into molecular structures started in 1927 by Du Pont's late famed Scientist Wallace Carothers. When Dr. Carothers found a way to simulate the long-chain molecules found in natural silk, Du Pont applied his findings to the development of nylon, which reached mass production in 1939, after five years and $27 million for applied research. European scientists were quick to capitalize on Carothers' findings, developed other synthetic fibers...
Some companies still contend that fundamental research should all be done on the campus, where it is free from sales-department pressure. Others work closely with universities. Du Pont helps keep in academic touch by retaining 70 university professors as consultants. Many company research centers, e.g., G.E.'s Schenectady laboratories, cultivate a "congenial" atmosphere of academic leisure. Industrial jobs frequently give top scientists greater freedom than university posts...
...Pont compiles its annual research budget according to the cost, duration and number of all approved projects, usually spends about 3.5% of sales (1955 research budget: $70 million). Even so, few research ventures last the course. One-third of the studies undertaken by Du Pont's chemical department are "laboratory flops"; 50% are successful in the lab but prove impractical for production; less than 10% goes to a manufacturing division for development, and only a small fraction of these ever goes into production. RCA estimates that 90% of its research ideas are useless; from the other 10% come...